teaching learning

The definition of thinking is a skill that is useful for humans to gain knowledge as much as possible. Thinking skills can be taught in schools in ways direct and systematic, can be held in all fields of study at school and can also be held in a separate program.

Learning about thinking can be done through science is taught. Cognitive abilities are very basic, which is owned by the students can be integrated with the teaching of thinking skills specified directly. Activity decoding in reading requires analysis, comparing, making analogies, make a guess-guess, synthesis, and evaluation, so that the direct teaching of thinking taught to mastery of cognitive abilities as part of the program reading (decoding). (Mulyadiharja & Ganesha, 2012)

The thought process is grouped into four problem-solving, decision making, critical thinking and creative thinking. This is consistent with the literature on high-level thinking. Here are four description of the process of thinking:

Solution to problem

merupaka a problem solving process that preceded seek informas thinking about an event to obtain relevant infosrmasi, then serve targeted information is managed so as to produce a decision to solve an event that is beyond expectation. This is in line with the opinion of the experts the following:

according Hamalik (1994), Problem solving is a mental process and intellectual in finding problems based on accurate data and information, in order to take proper and careful keputusanyang

Another opinion is a problem solving approach where lagkah - the next step until the final settlement is more quantitative (Qrustian Blogs Friendster.c0m).

This berarati orentasi infestigasi learning and problem solving is a discovery which essentially solving the problem. Furthermore, the level of problem solving is to be solved by understanding the amount of knowledge and skills and the results achieved after the individual concerned individuals to experience a learning process that teaches a specific knowledge.

Think critically

The next process of thinking is critical thinking. Keritis thinking is a process before making a decision. Information obtained to be considered so that the right decisions are taken.

This is in line with the opinion of the experts. In general, critical thinking is the determination carefully and deliberately whether to accept, reject or postpone a decision on a claim / statement (Moore and Parker, 1988: 4). Or it can also be said critical thinking is a process that aims to make decisions that make sense about what to believe or what to do (Ennis, 1996: xvii). Critical thinking skills are very important, because in everyday life the way a person directs his life depended on it believes statement, statement of receipt. Further more carefully evaluate a statement, then divide the existing issues relevant whether or not the statement is evaluated. When one considers a statement that he already had certain information that is relevant to the claim and can reflect on where to get more information if needed (Haryani, 2012)

Decision-making

Humans are involved with many things in their daily lives, from the simple to the complex. humans will be faced with many choices. Decision-making is a part of human life in the face of various problems for subsistence, so that every human being requires making the right decision. Decision-making becomes an ordinary thing to do because every individual has faced many problems to be able to sustain life.

Two sections linking decision making is emotional maturity and self-efficacy so that there are two factors that affect a person's apat in taking keutusan. That is a factor of the inside and outside factors.

According Noorderhaven (1995: 46), factors within the individual that can influence the decision include emotional maturity, personality, intuition, and age. Bandura and Jourden (1991: 24) argues that decision making can be facilitated or hindered by their self-efficacy.

Creative thinking

Creative thinking is a mental activity that produces something new results from development. This is in accordance with the opinion of Coleman and Hammen (Sukmadinata, 2004a) that "Creative thinking is a mental activity to improve the purity (originality) and sharpness of understanding (insight) in developing something (generating)". The ability of creative thinking with regard to the ability to produce or develop something new, something unusual that is different from the ideas generated most people.

There are four stages in creative thinking, namely; (1) Exploring, identify what things you want done in conditions that exist at the moment; (2) Inventing, viewing or reviewing a variety of tools, techniques, and methods that have owned that may assist in eliminating the traditional way of thinking; (3) Choosing, identifying and selecting the ideas that are most likely to be implemented; (4) Implementing, how to make an idea can be implemented (Istianah, 2013)

Four of this thinking process into a single unit to be able to face an event that is beyond expectations. The process is forming a cycle thinking in solving the problem. When the problem has not terselesaikn eating process will be repeated from the beginning, enhance information, weigh information back, in order to get the solution.

This article is taken from several sources, can be checked in the following bibliography. May be useful

Bibliography

Bandura, Albert. 1986. Self-Efficacy (Efikasi Diri). Multiply.

Haryani, D. (2012). P – 17 membentuk siswa berpikir kritis melalui pembelajaran matematika, (November), 978–979.

Istianah, E. (2013). MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN KREATIF MATEMATIK DENGAN PENDEKATAN MODEL ELICITING ACTIVITIES (MEAs) PADA SISWA SMA. Infinity, 2(1), 43–54.

Mulyadiharja, S., & Ganesha, U. P. (2012). PENGEMBANGAN MODEL ASESMEN AUTENTIK PEMBELAJARAN IPA KONTEKSTUAL TERINTEGRASI DENGAN MODEL PENGAJARAN, 1(1), 1–12. Retrieved from https://www.google.co.id/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=20&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiKtNT9tpjRAhVMOY8KHeKxBMw4ChAWCGAwCQ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fejournal.undiksha.ac.id%2Findex.php%2FJPI%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F4482%2F3455&usg=AFQjCNEn1KEGivu9CnKp3mZ-yXI

 Moore, B.N & Parker, R. 1986. Critical Thinking Evaluating and Arguments in Everyday Life. California State University. California: Mayfield Publishing Company.http://www.utc.edu/walker-center-teaching-learning/teaching resources/ct-ps.php

Sukmadinata, N.S. (2004). Kurikulum dan Pembelajaran Kompetensi. Bandung: Yayasan Kesuma Karya.(a)

Creative thinking Decision-making education problem solving. critically theaching learning

Related Posts